Padua, Italy: Flying light, seen for an hour — 1252
This event is described in the Cronaca di Rolandino da Padova, where a witness reports: “A certain great star, like a comet, but it was not a comet because it did not have a tail and it was a portentous thing because it looked almost as large as the moon, and it moved faster than the moon, but as fast as falling stars, and indeed it was not the moon. It was observable for an hour and then it vanished.” This object, as described, was not a comet or a meteor.
Source: U. DaH’Olmo, “Meteors, meteor showers and meteorites in the Middle Ages: From European medieval sources,” Journal for the History of Astronomy 9 (1978). Case: W065